Immediately after first use:
• Smooths and hydrates skin with Mandelic and Lactic Acids, known to improve texture and radiance from first application¹
• Defends against environmental stressors with antioxidant Ferulic Acid⁴
With consistent use:
Overall skin is clarified and rejuvenated with visibly decreased blemishes and fine lines.
• Improves clarity and texture with Mandelic Acid, shown to support clearer skin within 60 days¹
• Reduces visible pores and balances sebum with Niacinamide²
• Visible discoloration fades, so the skin looks significantly brighter over time.
* Based on independent clinical studies: (1) Mandelic acid – Source: Kwon, Han Jin, et al. "Mandelic acid rejuvenates photoaged skin: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial." Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology (2019); (2) Niacinamide – Source: Draelos, Zoe Diana, et al. "The effect of niacinamide on reducing cutaneous pigmentation and suppression of melanosome transfer." British Journal of Dermatology (2002); (3) Tranexamic acid – Source: Grimes, Pearl E., et al. "The use of topical tranexamic acid and niacinamide in melasma." Journal of Drugs in Dermatology (2018); (4) Ferulic acid – Source: Lin, Frank H., et al. "Ferulic acid stabilizes a solution of vitamins C and E and doubles its photoprotection of skin." Journal of Investigative Dermatology (2005).